There was a massive increase in the value of mergers and acquisitions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the first half of 2021. This was due, in part, to the post-pandemic boost, where deals that were delayed last year, were able to proceed in 2021. Also spurring investment in SSA was the launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area, strengthening relationships with Africa’s key trading partners, as well as rising demand in key industry sectors such as materials, power and energy, technology and telecommunications.
In depth
There were 333 M&A deals announced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the first six months of 2021 (H1 2021), valued at USD 57.7 billion, according to Baker McKenzie’s analysis of Refinitiv data. When compared to the same period last year (H1 2020) this amounted to a 14% increase in deal volume and an astounding 576% increase in deal value. H1 2020 recorded 293 M&A deals with a deal value of USD 8.5 billion.
Last year was a relatively difficult year for investors in Africa, with considerable uncertainty. Pandemic impacts had a limiting effect on numerous sectors and many deals had to be postponed as a result. The boost in M&A deal value in 2021 is, in part, due to a post-COVID boom, where last year’s postponed and delayed transactions were able to proceed in the first half of 2021. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) has also led to increasing investor interest in SSA as new markets open and cross border transactions become more streamlined and efficient. Further, China’s ongoing interest in Africa, a commitment from the European Union to strengthen partnerships with Africa, the United Kingdom’s new trade agreements with numerous African jurisdictions, and a renewed Africa focus from the United States under President Biden, have all contributed to improved investor sentiment across the region.
Sectors
The highest volume of transactions in H1 2021 were in the materials (33 deals), financials (26 deals), energy and power (24 deals), high technology (14 deals) and telecommunications (nine deals) sectors. The sector with the biggest increase in deal volume was telecommunications, which reported an 800% increase from one deal announced in H1 2020 to nine deals in H1 2021. Deals in the energy and power sector increased from 10 in H1 2020 to 24 in H1 2021, an increase of 140%, and transactions in the financial sector increased by 136% from 11 in H1 2020 to 26 in H1 2021.
Materials
The pandemic impacted all aspects of the materials sector, including the minerals and mining industry, which saw disruption to all parts of the mining value chain. However, the increase in commodity prices, rising demand as a result of supply issues caused by pandemic bottlenecks, as well as the growing reliance on certain metals used in green products, have all contributed to good growth in the sector in H1 2021. Overall, the industry appears to have proven resilient to COVID-19, with many mining houses back in full production quicker than expected. The sector’s already strong commitment to Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) also appears to have been reinforced, most notably by ongoing environmental concerns and the social challenges experienced by employees and surrounding communities during the pandemic.
Financials
Following the establishment of AfCFTA on 1 January 2021, financial institutions in SSA have an important role to play in facilitating trade between the multitude of diversified economies with different financial systems. The financial sector is leading the way in developing new technologies, such as artificial intelligence systems, advanced analytics and digital trade finance platforms, that will assist new financial processes and facilitate demand for capital, allowing market participants to be able to capitalize on the opportunities that AfCFTA will bring. This increased demand for new financial products and services has led to an increase in investment in the financial sector in SSA in the first six months of the year, with a corresponding increase in the volume of both inbound and outbound technology deals.
Technology
African consumers have shown a growing reliance on technology across multiple platforms, even well before the pandemic struck. The growth of the continent’s digital economy has naturally been accelerated by the pandemic and this unabated demand for technology has caused extensive cross-sector disruption, with the financial, energy, transport, retail, health and agricultural sectors all seeking opportunities to expand their tech infrastructure in order to acquire the necessary skills and innovation needed to keep up with demand. Fintech is also a popular tech sector for investment in Africa and specifically in South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria. There were nine inbound M&A transactions in the technology sector in the first half of this year and 13 outbound deals (up 160% from five outbound M&A deals in H1 2020). This rise in outbound M&A is the result of African tech companies’ continued targeting of offshore investments in companies that will deepen their access to new technologies, markets and talent.
Energy
Further, the demand for power is spurring on investment in the energy sector. Access to power in Africa has been hampered by the lack of access to competitive funding, the dire state of the continent’s utilities infrastructure and the need for energy policy and legislation to be adapted so that it can boost investment in the sector. Africa has a role to play in innovating smart power solutions for a post-COVID-19 world and ensuring a sustainable and diversified energy mix. The combination of the rise of cost-effective renewable energy, the decentralization of energy production, and improvements in energy storage, smart metering and other digital technology have the potential to revolutionize the way power is generated and consumed. In Africa, the most noticeable trend has been the transition towards decentralized power solutions and solar home systems from being a niche sector dominated by NGOs, to being considered a mainstream investment focus by the big players.
Healthcare
The healthcare sector did not see any deals in the first half of this year, with many investors taking time to assess the impact of the pandemic. However, expanding access to quality healthcare services and increasing domestic pharmaceutical manufacturing capacity will continue to dominate Africa’s healthcare sector development agenda, and investment can be expected to follow in support of these objectives. Clearly, COVID-19 caused a massive spike in the already increasing demand for affordable healthcare in SSA. Technology-focused healthcare delivery models, which allow for easier access to medical advice and care, especially in Africa’s rural areas, had already begun easing the constraints of the traditional delivery model and driving further investment in digital healthcare across Africa before the pandemic hit. M&A investors in this sector usually show long term commitment, understanding of individual markets and strong partnerships with local stakeholders and governments with the aim of improving access to public healthcare.
Jurisdictions
Investors from the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) accounted for the highest number of M&A transactions in the first of this year – 24 deals each for UK and US investors in H1 2021. This amounted to a 20% rise in deals from the UK compared to the same period last year – 20 deals took place in H1 2020. Investments from the United States led to a 60% increase from the same period last year, 15 deals were announced in H1 2020. Notably, Chinese investors were involved in eight deals in SSA in 2021, an increase of 300% from the two deals they undertook in the same period last year.
After Brexit, big African investors in the United Kingdom and jurisdictions in the European Union will continue to target African sectors, hoping to capitalize on new economic partnership agreements, and the launch of free trade in the region. US investors will also continue to be strong M&A players in key African jurisdictions, with a Biden administration expected to further encourage investment and trade between the US and the continent. China’s increasing M&A activity in SSA is primarily due to the jurisdiction’s growing demand for high-grade natural resources, from gold and oil to copper and cobalt, needed to meet its growing industrial needs. China also has one of the strongest infrastructure construction abilities in the world and is well placed to help Africa to address its vast infrastructure gap.
ESG
No matter where investors are from or what sectors they operate in, ESG has become one of the hottest topics for businesses, their boards, their customers and their employees. While in previous years, some viewed the inclusion of ESG elements to be at the expense of returns and efficiency, among other things, this has rightly shifted to viewing ESG strategy as a prerequisite to business success, and we expect it will become an essential element of M&A investment in Africa going forward.
