The new disregarded payment loss rules could create material, adverse tax consequences for taxpayers that make check-the-box elections for foreign disregarded entities within a US consolidated group (or otherwise form new foreign disregarded entities). As a result, taxpayers should assess their exposure under the disregarded payment loss rules before making any such elections or forming such entities within the US consolidated group.

Looking back at 2023, it is clear that the IRS has begun to increasingly assert anti-abuse doctrines, most notably the economic substance doctrine (ESD), in contentious tax controversies. Correspondingly, courts have had more opportunities to analyze and conceptualize the various anti-abuse doctrines. Courts in Liberty Global, GSS Holdings, and Chemoil have each offered unique and sometimes conflicting analyses in this regard. When reviewing these cases at a high level, a worrisome pattern emerges of courts conceiving of the traditional three anti-abuse doctrines as simply manifestations of a much broader substance over form tax principle. Further, despite the text of section 7701(o), courts are rejecting the idea that there exist certain transactions to which the ESD does not apply.

On 11 December 2023, Treasury and the IRS issued Notice 2023-80 (the “Notice”), which represents the US government’s first attempt to address the US federal income tax implications of Pillar Two. The Notice provides guidance on certain foreign tax credit and dual consolidated loss issues that arise in the context of Pillar Two. The Notice also extends the period of relief for the 2021 final foreign tax credit regulations until more guidance is issued.