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On 27 January 2024, Law No. 2 of 2024 was issued (“Law”), providing green hydrogen and derivatives projects with certain incentives. These incentives are extended not only to green hydrogen and derivatives projects (such as green ammonia and green methanol), but also to the upstream and midstream facilities, of which 95% of the output is to service green hydrogen and derivatives projects and projects exclusively carrying out transportation, storage and distribution of green hydrogen and its derivatives in Egypt. The incentives also extend to projects that directly and exclusively manufacture production input and supplies for the midstream and downstream facilities for which a cabinet decree has been issued. The Law also applies to future expansions of the aforementioned projects.

On 30 December 2023, the Dubai Executive Council issued Decision No. 124 of 2023 to regulate the usage of single-use products in the Emirate of Dubai (“Decision”), in support of the previous Dubai Executive Council Decision No. 52 of 2022, issued on 13 August 2022, which mandated the reduction in the utilization of single-use bags in the Emirate of Dubai.

On 27 January 2024, Law No. 2 of 2024 was issued (“Law”), providing green hydrogen and derivatives projects with certain incentives. These incentives are extended not only to green hydrogen and derivatives projects (such as green ammonia and green methanol), but also to the upstream and midstream facilities, of which 95% of the output is to service green hydrogen and derivatives projects and projects exclusively carrying out transportation, storage and distribution of green hydrogen and its derivatives in Egypt. The incentives also extend to projects that directly and exclusively manufacture production input and supplies for the midstream and downstream facilities for which a cabinet decree has been issued. The Law also applies to future expansions of suchprojects.

To future-proof its regulatory system, the UAE cabinet has established the Emirates Drug Corporation (EDC) in September 2023. As a new independent regulator, the EDC will replace the Ministry of Health and Prevention for the regulation of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

Besides medicines and medical devices the EDC will also be responsible for cosmetics, dietary supplements, GMOs, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural conditioners and plant growth regulators. The EDC will also take over some competences from the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment in relation to these products.

The Financial Regulatory Authority recently published regulations setting out the requirements for establishment and licensing for companies seeking to offer certain non-banking financial services in Egypt (“Fintech Regulations”) which came into force on the 2nd January 2024. The requirements set out under the Fintech Regulations apply to financial technology (“Fintech”) companies seeking to obtain a license to offer mortgage financing, SME financing, microfinance, financial leasing, factoring, and consumer finance services. This marks a significant step for startups in the Egyptian market, providing needed clarity in the form of a unified framework for entry into such market.

Over the last few months, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have made a few legislative changes in relation to the Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO) regulations as well as the associated administrative penalties, with the issuance of:

  1. Cabinet Resolution No. 109 of 2023 on the Regulation of the Real Beneficiary Procedures (the “New Resolution”), which came into effect on 16 November 2023 and superseded Cabinet Resolution No. 58 of 2020. The New Resolution applies to all corporate entities incorporated in the UAE mainland and in the non-financial free zones;
  2. Cabinet Decision No. 132 of 2023 relating to the administrative fines for violations of the New Resolution, which was issued on 15 December 2023 and superseded Cabinet Decision No. 53 of 2021.

On 28 September 2023, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) issued Federal Law No. 36 of 2023 (“New Competition Law”), which repealed and replaced Federal Law No. 4 of 2012. The New Competition Law signals a new era of enforcement by the UAE Ministry of Economy by providing a functional competition regime through, inter alia: extending a wider scope of application to almost all economic activities; expanding its mandate by prohibiting new conducts and introducing a new dominance test; and finally introducing administrative penalties and stricter financial penalties. The New Competition Law will officially enter into force on 28 December 2023, with the executive regulation to be published within six months thereafter.

On 2 October 2023, the UAE issued Federal Law No. 54 of 2023, which amended Federal Law No. 14 of 2018 on the Central Bank and the Organization of Financial Institutions and Financial Activities (the “Central Bank Law”) and changed the definition of currency to include a “National Digital Currency”. The amendment to the Central Bank Law was published in the Official Gazette on 31 October 2023.